Introduction

In animal husbandry pig farming now a day has vital importance and potential for raising food (e.g. pork, bacon, grammon) and plays a significant role in international and even intercontinental trade in live and slaughtered pigs. Pigs are farmed in many countries, major consuming countries are in Asia, and Pigs are almost available around the world although piggery is negligible in India. Piggery farming has been considered as one of the profitable business among the rural masses. This venture has proved to be one of the most important livelihood option and helpful for strengthen the economy of the country in which piggery established. Financial implication for establishing the piggery consists in minimum risk against total livestock farming but requires a great deal of perfect right knowledge and efficient managerial skill. Piggery no doubt generates a source income and self employment which can run as small scale level at ease .Piggery produces affluent meat in quantity as compared to other livestock so growth rate of consumption remains always at hike. It is proved that pork is enriched in much protein and animal fat which the good source of energy. Pork contains vitamins like thiamin Niacin and riboflavin for health care.

The total pigs in India 10.29 million numbers in 2012 as per the 19th Livestock census-2012 annual report of Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture department of Animal Husbandry. In 2012 there were approximately 966.17 million pigs worldwide. The world’s largest producers of pigs are US, Canada, Denmark, Mexico.

In India Pigs of the category wise are: 

Table No. 01

Changes in pigs population in Rural Urban Areas in India. Total Number of pigs in Rural in 2007 was 9,960 and in 2012 was 9,226, % change (-) 7.37Total Number of pigs in Urban in 2007 was 1,174 and in 2012 was 1,068 % Change (-) 9.06 Pig population in India (1997) Total In India is 13291 thousand, out of which Utter Pradesh is having the highest population of pigs of 3135 thousand, and Pondicherry is having only 1000, the lowest population.

Pig farming involves a good marketable value of domestic as well as export for pig products such as pork, bacon, ham, sausages, lards etc. for good return of having marketable weight of fatteners that can be obtained within a period of 6-8 months. In India estimated production of meat is 6.27 million tons in 2010 (FAO, 2012), which is 2.21% of the world's meat production. The contribution of meat from pig is about 5.31%.Pig farming is being considered for small and landless farmers as beneficial source of income and part time earning for educated youth having agriculture as occupation.

In India, Pig farming is developed as a cottage industry mainly used for meat, generally consumed in bigger hotels also exported to foreign cold countries. In manufacturing of light leather goods, pig bristles, pigskin is mainly used for local and foreign demand. Piggery now a day is mostly considered as more popular commercial production under semi-intensive conditions due to its acceptable favorable rate of return on investments. Piggery is investment oriented business and creditable. 

Since pig farming constitutes the livelihood  of rural poor belonging to the lowest socio-economic strata and owing to lack of scientific pig farming with improved foundation stock, proper housing , feeding and management, looking to the outcome, suitable schemes would  to have access for scientific pig breeding cum rearing of  pigs are necessary to modernize the Indian piggery. Government of India has initiated measures to promote the pig farming on scientific lines under its five year plans. In order to make available good foundation stock 115 pig breeding farms were established throughout the country.

In Rajasthan, Department of Animal Husbandry has established one piggery development training center at Alwar is being conducted free of cost with an idea to provide breed able exotic pigs to local pig breeds and to encourage the scientific pig breeding in the state a pig breeding farm is functioning  at Alwar.