Pigs are single-stomach animals and require two or three meals a day. The following feeding managerial precautions are essential for proper stay for healthy pigs:
1. Divide the food into two portions; feed the pigs half in the morning and the rest in the evening.
2. Do not feed your pigs only once a day because once they had their fill they will only play with the rest of the food, stand in it and soil it. This food is going to waste and the pigs will be left hungry.
3. Pigs can eat all kinds of scraps, or leftover food such as bread, vegetables, fruit and pig pellets and garbage.
4. Do not only feed one vegetable (such as cabbage), because pigs need a varied diet to stay healthy.
5. Even cutting grass (especially green grass) and feeding this in small quantities will help supplement the pigs' diet.
6. Pigs must not be fed waste or plastic
7. It is important that small or weak pigs should be fed separately from the bigger ones, because these stronger pigs will eat all the food.
8. If having more than four adult pigs, then food should be divided into two containers, so that every animal can have a share.
The efficient scientific feeding practices are the key of success of the pig farming. In India, pigs are usually slaughtered at about 90 – 100kg. Body weight, which is generally achieved in six months of age. To meet the intensified pork production, properly balanced high quality ration must be provided to the pigs. Three types of rations are fed to the pigs before they reach the market weight i.e. creeper/ starter, grower and finisher rations. The creeper/ starter feed is generally fed up to the attainment of 15-20 kg body weight, which is followed by grower feed up to the attainment of 50 kg body weight and then followed by finisher feed up to the attainment of 70 kg body weight. However, in India most farmers feed their pigs with freely available food materials like hotel/ kitchen waste, bakery waste, garbage from vegetable market. Feeding of such these unconventional feeds (30% concentrate and 70% garbage from kitchen/hotel and vegetable market etc.).Should be fed as the partial replacement for the ingredients in standard ration to economize the pig production. in replacing the balanced rations to minimize the cost of production.
10.1 Balance Ration:
The feeding programme adopted should take intensive care of all the nutrient requirements of various categories of pigs. A complete diet for pigs, as for other livestock, includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and plenty of good water.
Here are a few helpful tips for preparing the ration for pigs:-
1. Select the most economical ingredients for the ration.
2. The basic part of ration should consist of grain or combination of grains (like maize, sorghum, oats, other millets, wheat, broken rice etc).
3. Add protein supplements (like oil cake, chunnies, etc. including fish meal, meat meal etc).
4. Add vitamin supplements (Vitamin-A, B2, B12, E would be necessary)
5. Add mineral supplements (Ca, P2O5).
6. Add antibiotic supplements @ 5mg / pound of ration.
Creeper feed (upto 20 days): When the piglets are suckling (only mother feeding)
Creeper feed (from 20 – 56 days): Maize 65%, Groundnut cake 14%, Molasses 5%, Wheat bran 10%, Fish meal 5% and Add antibiotics. 100gm. Ration should be feed to per creeper per day with mother feeding.
Recommended level of protein in creeper ration should be 20-22%.
Grower ration (weaners upto 40kg. weight):
Maize 50%, Groundnut cake 18%, Molasses 5%, Wheat bran 20%, Mineral mixture 1.5% and Salt 0.5%. This ration is fed to per grower per day as under following:-
56 days - 4th month 1.0kg.
4th month - 6th month 1.5kg.
6th month - 8th month 2.0kg.
Recommended level of protein in creeper ration should be 18%.
Adult ration(ration for pigs above 40kg. weight to market):
Maize 45%, Groundnut cake 20%, Molasses 5%, Wheat bran 25%, Fish meal 3%, Mineral mixture 1.5%, Salt 0.5%. This ration may also be given to gilts, dry sow and boars. This ration is fed to per adult per day as under following:-
Gilt or Dry Sow 2.0kg.
Boar – In Service 2.5kg.
Out of Service 2.0kg.
Recommended level of protein in adult ration should be 14%.
Ration for pregnant sows and nursing sows:
Maize 50%, Groundnut cake 20%, Molasses 20%, Wheat bran 18%, Fish meal 5%, Mineral mixture 1.5%, Salt 0.5%. 3kg. ration should be feed to per pregnant sow per day.
Most convenient way to feed animals on a farm is to prepare the complete ration as recommended for different classes according to weight. Following is the approximate amount of dry feed they will consume.
Weight of pigs (in kg.) Daily consumption of feed per pig (in kg.)
12 1.0
24 1.5
45 2.5
68 3.0
90 3.5
Above 90 4.0
It is to be noted that all grains in mixed feed should be ground & wet mash.
10.2 Water:
Pigs need a plentiful supply of water. The quantity of water consumed by pigs ranges from 2 to 6 liters per 40 kg live weight. It depends on the size, age, class of animal and climate. The milk produced by a nursing sow should be taken into account as a sow nursing 10 pigs usually produce in excess of 200 liters of milk in 56 days.
A pig will consume more water in hot weather in an attempt to regulate its body temperature. If denied that extra water, the feed intake will decline and the rate of growth decreases. The animal should receive all they want to drink at least two or three times a day.
Estimated water requirements:
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